Abstract Details
9/08/2025 | 11:30 AM - 12:30 PM | Breakout 1 | Memorial Hall
Prevalence of HCMV DNA and of infectious virus detected in saliva samples of young children in childcare centers
Abstract Summary
Introduction: Contact with young children who attend large group programs is a major risk factor for congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. The CMV Transmission and Immune Tracking (TransmIT) Study seeks to understand HCMV spread within childcare centers to inform future efforts to reduce transmission from children to pregnant caretakers. We hypothesized that higher viral DNA loads would correlate with detectable live virus as a marker of saliva infectiousness. Methods: Children <36 months of age (n=64) were enrolled at 13 childcare centers. One saliva sample was collected from each child. Saliva was diluted in transport medium and processed for nucleic acid or stored. HCMV DNA and cellular infection were quantified by digital PCR (dPCR) and by modified shell vial assay using fibroblasts or epithelial cells, respectively. Results: HCMV DNA was detected by dPCR in 58 of 64 (90.6%) saliva samples. Of these, 21 (36.2%) had low (<103 copies/ml), 26 (44.8%) had medium (1x103–1x104 copies/ml), and 11 (19.0%) had high (>104 copies/ml) viral DNA loads. Live HCMV infection was detected by shell assay in 47 of 64 (73.4%) total samples and in 47 of 58 (81.0%) virus DNA positive samples. Unexpectedly, HCMV in only 24 (51.1%) shell positive samples could infect both cell types in the assay. Conversely, 23 (48.9%) infected a single cell type (21 [44.7%] fibroblasts and 2 [4.3%] epithelial cells). Shell assay revealed 0-1.04x105 infectious virus units/ml of saliva. Conclusions: Most young children in childcare settings shed infectious HCMV in saliva, but in varying amounts. Contrary to expected HCMV infection of both cell types in the shell assay, nearly half of virus isolates infected only one type, potentially reflecting in vivo differences in tropism. These findings highlight the importance of mitigating CMV transmission risk in large group childcare settings.
Learning Objectives
- Understand the prevalence and amounts of HCMV shedding in saliva among young children attending large group childcare centers.
- Evaluate the relationship between detection of HCMV genomes and of infectious virus in saliva.
- Discuss potential implications of observed cell type-specific HCMV infection for understanding viral transmission dynamics.
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Presenters
John Holik | Author, Co-Author
John.Holik@umassmed.edu;
John Holik is a senior technician in Dr. Tim Kowalik’s laboratory the Department of Microbiology at UMass Chan Medical School with over 30 years of experience in molecular biology and genetics research, including 7+ years in virology. He specializes in clinical sample processing, genome quantitation, and deep sequencing of various viruses, including human CMV, from hundreds of patient samples. John is responsible for overseeing the sample processing workflow for dPCR quantification of CMV in clinical samples, ensuring accuracy and efficiency in data analysis.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Anne Mirza | Author, Co-Author
Anne.Mirza@umassmed.edu;
Anne Mirza has nearly 37 years of experience in virology, specializing in tissue culture, including sterile cell passage and infectivity. She has extensive expertise in molecular assays and sequencing, having worked with techniques ranging from radioactive self-poured gels to Illumina NGS. Anne is responsible for managing the sample processing workflow for dPCR quantification of clinical samples, ensuring accurate and efficient data analysis throughout the process.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Olesea Cojohari | Author, Co-Author
Olesea.Cojohari@umassmed.edu;
Olesea Cojohari is a postdoctoral associate in associate in Dr. Tim Kowalik’s laboratory the Department of Microbiology at UMass Chan Medical School, studying the transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) through the oral mucosa. She focuses on factors that allow the virus to replicate and spread in primary human oral keratinocytes. Olesea earned her PhD in Microbiology and Immunology from SUNY Upstate Medical University, researching HCMV infection in monocytes under Dr. Gary Chan. She holds a B.S. in Biology and a B.A. in Environmental Studies from Green Mountain College. Originally from Moldova, Olesea now resides in Massachusetts.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Stephen Lammi | Author, Co-Author
smlammi@gmail.com;
Stephen Lammi designs, develops, and evaluates technical infrastructure to expedite the quantitative evaluation of data resulting from laboratory based studies. He further establishes and maintains applicable bioinformatics resources for customized research projects, as well sub projects that are the solely computational.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Elizabeth Orvek | Author, Co-Author
elizabeth.orvek@umassmed.edu;
Elizabeth Orvek specializes in designing, developing and implementing data capture and management systems that incorporate robust quality controls to ensure accurate data entry. She oversaw the collection and validation of childcare center and child-level data, conducted routine quality assurance checks, and generated enrollment dashboards. Additionally, Ms. Orvek supported the study’s quantitative data analysis, prepared summary statistical reports, and ensured all data quality processes were completed prior to finalizing datasets for study analysis.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Karen Del'Olio | POC-Point of Contact, Author, Co-Author
karen.del'olio@umassmed.edu;
Karen Del’Olio is a seasoned Research Program Manager and Community Engaged Research (CEnR) strategist with extensive expertise in mixed-methods research, epidemiology, and public health. With over two decades of experience across both academia and industry, her work has centered on advising public health professionals and enhancing research study design. Karen excels in stakeholder relations, regulatory affairs, community engagement, and recruitment and retention strategies. She is proficient in survey development, program evaluation, health literacy, and study branding, while ensuring participant-facing materials are accessible. Karen is dedicated to fostering collaboration between communities and researchers, making research both impactful and inclusive.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Iliana Leony Lasso | Author, Co-Author
Iliana.LeonyLasso@modernatx.com;
Iliana Leony Lasso is an Associate Director of Clinical Operations in the Infectious Disease group at Moderna. She leads operational planning and coordination for several CMV epidemiology studies, including oversight of study updates, accrual tracking, and cross-functional team communications. Iliana’s leadership in operations has been key to driving progress across Moderna’s CMV epidemiology portfolio, ensuring study execution runs smoothly and in alignment with scientific goals.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Juli Gulpinar | Author, Co-Author
Juli.Gulpinar@modernatx.com;
Juli Gulpinar is a Manager of Clinical Operations in the Infectious Disease group at Moderna. She supports observational studies focused on CMV, including the CMV TransmIT Study. Juli plays a key role in cross-functional coordination, study documentation, and operational execution across multiple CMV initiatives. Her contributions have been instrumental in advancing CMV clinical research, including collaborations with academic partners.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Sandeep Basnet | Author, Co-Author
sandeep.basnet@modernatx.com;
Sandeep Basnet is a former Director of Clinical Development, Infectious Disease at Moderna. During his tenure, he played a key role in advancing the CMV vaccine program, with notable contributions to the CMV TransmIT study, several epidemiologic studies and CMV clinical trials. At the time of this project, Sandeep Basnet was Director of Clinical Development for Moderna’s CMV program.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Lori Panther | Author, Co-Author
lori.panther@modernatx.com;
Lori Panther is Vice President of Clinical Development, Infectious Disease at Moderna. She leads the clinical development of Moderna’s CMV vaccine candidate, mRNA-1647, currently in a pivotal Phase 3 trial with aim to evaluate the vaccine’s efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity for the prevention of primary CMV infection in women of childbearing age. She’s a board-certified infectious disease specialist, Dr. Panther brings deep clinical and scientific expertise to Moderna’s latent virus portfolio and plays a key role in advancing CMV vaccine development.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
John Diaz-Decaro | Author, Co-Author
John.Diaz-Decaro@modernatx.com;
John Diaz-Decaro is a Senior Director and Lead Epidemiologist at Moderna, where he leads epidemiologic strategy for the development of vaccines targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other latent viruses. His work supports clinical development for Moderna’s EBV and CMV vaccine programs. Dr. Diaz-Decaro plays a key role in advancing non-interventional studies to assess disease burden, including EBV-associated conditions such as infectious mononucleosis, multiple sclerosis and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. He also contributes to Moderna’s CMV epidemiology research portfolio supporting work on studies focused on investigating infant outcomes associated with congenital CMV, as well as CMV transmission dynamics in daycare settings.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Timothy Kowalik | Author, Co-Author
timothy.kowalik@umassmed.edu;
Timothy Kowalik, Ph.D. earned a BS in Biology from Belmont Abbey College, followed by an MS and PhD at Utah State University, where he studied the genetic relatedness of US serotypes of bluetongue virus. His postdoctoral work at UNC-Chapel Hill and Duke University focused on HCMV, cell cycle regulation, and viral transformation. In 1997, he joined UMass Chan Medical School as an Assistant Professor, where he researched HCMV virology and cell growth control, discovering a key receptor that defines CMV tropism. Dr. Kowalik has collaborated extensively on viral evolution and congenital transmission studies. He is currently the Dr. Marcellette G. Williams Distinguished Scholar, a tenured Full Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial -
Nonfinancial -
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - No relevant financial relationship exists.
Laura Gibson | Primary Presenter, Author, Co-Author
laura.gibson@umassmed.edu;
Laura Gibson is an Adult and Pediatric Infectious Disease physician at UMass Memorial Health and a Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics at UMass Chan Medical School in Worcester, MA. With over 20 years of experience as a physician-scientist, she combines patient care with translational research, focusing on cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other viruses in vulnerable populations, particularly infants with congenital CMV infection (cCMV). During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, she co-led the Clinical Studies Core (CSC) of the NIH RADx® Program at UMass Chan. The CSC aimed to identify and test point-of-care technologies for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection in real-world environments.
ASHA DISCLOSURE
Financial - Receives Grants for Other activities from moderna.
Nonfinancial - No relevant nonfinancial relationship exists.
AAA DISCLOSURE
Financial - Receives support from moderna for grant funding that ended 12/31/24.